TENSES （時態）(A)
上次介紹了最基本的一組時穎： present tense (現在式)、 past tense (過去式) 和 future tense (未來式)。這基本組時穎更可以配合上‘延續’ (continuous) 和 ‘完成’ (perfect) 兩大分類：
未來式 (future tense) 裏的動詞是 在字前面加上 ‘will’, ‘shall’ 等字 , 所有future tense 都是如此。而 ‘延續式’ (continuous tense)裏的動詞是 在字尾加上 ‘ing’ , 所有continuous tense 都是如此。兩者都很簡單了。
但 ‘完成式’ (perfect tense) 則比較複雜。上次例子裏的完成式動詞是 ‘worked’, ‘worked’ 就是在 ‘work’ 字後面加上 ‘ed’ , 就像 ‘work’ 的過去式一樣。大多數perfect tense 都是如此, 但有很多字並非這樣，複雜就在乎此。
所以英語文法的學習上一定要認清楚每個動詞的三個形式：present (現在式), past (過去式) 和perfect (完成式)。
剛才已說過，大多數的過去式和完成式都是在動詞字尾加上ed，它們被稱為 regular verbs (規則動詞)，如：
|
Present tense
|
Past tense
|
Perfect tense
|
|
work
|
worked
|
worked
|
|
look
|
looked
|
looked
|
|
push
|
pushed
|
pushed
|
|
help
|
helped
|
helped
|
|
love
|
loved
|
loved
|
|
tickle
|
tickled
|
tickled
|
|
study
|
studied
|
studied
|
|
try
|
tried
|
tried
|
|
sin
|
sinned
|
sinned
|
|
*hang (上吊- 至死)
|
hanged
|
hanged
|
但有些動詞則不遵從這個規則，它們就被稱為 irregular verbs (不規則動詞)， 如：
|
Present tense
|
Past tense
|
Perfect tense
|
|
sing
|
sang
|
sung
|
|
go
|
went
|
gone
|
|
eat
|
ate
|
eaten
|
|
come
|
came
|
come
|
|
sell
|
sold
|
sold
|
|
win
|
won
|
won
|
|
light
|
lit
|
lit
|
|
hit
|
hit
|
hit
|
|
*hang (懸掛)
|
hung
|
hung
|
(*hang 字很特別：在兩個不同的意思上進入不同類別)
