黛玉葬花辞 曹雪芹 红楼梦
花谢花飞飞满天,红消香断有谁怜?
游丝软系飘春榭,落絮轻沾扑绣帘。
闺中女儿惜春暮,愁绪满怀无释处;
手把花锄出绣帘,忍踏落花来复去?
柳丝榆英自芳菲,不管桃飘与李飞;
桃李明年能再发,明年闺中知有谁?
三月香巢已垒成,梁间燕子太无情!
明年花发虽可啄,却不道人去梁空巢也倾。
一年三百六十日,风刀霜剑严相逼;
明媚鲜妍能几时,一朝飘泊难寻觅。
花开易见落难寻,阶前闷杀葬花人;
独把花锄泪暗洒,洒上空枝见血痕。
杜鹃无语正黄昏,荷锄归去掩重门;
青灯照壁人初睡,冷雨敲窗被未温。
怪奴底事倍伤神?半为怜春半恼春。
怜春忽至恼忽去,至又无言去不闻。
昨宵庭外悲歌发,知是花魂与鸟魂?
花魂鸟魂总难留,鸟自无言花自羞;
愿奴胁下生双翼,随花飞到天尽头。
天尽头,何处有香丘?
未若锦囊收艳骨,一抔净土掩风流;
质本洁来还洁去,强于污淖陷渠沟。
尔今死去侬收葬,未卜侬身何日丧?
侬今葬花人笑痴,他年葬侬知是谁?
试看春残花渐落,便是红颜老死时。
一朝春尽红颜老,花落人亡两不知!
【注释】
1、曹雪芹(约1715—约1763),名沾,字梦阮,号雪芹,又号芹溪、芹圃。清代著名小说家,也是中国文学史上最伟大的作家。他出身于一个“百年望族”家庭,父辈却遭遇变故与官场打击,使得家族一蹶不振,日渐衰微,使得曹雪芹一生得以阅尽世态炎凉。晚年,曹雪芹移居北京西郊,他蔑视权贵,远离官场,为了《红楼梦》一书,古刹寻诗,集市卖画,日子过得清贫,但他好朋友很多,相关史料中记载的就有20多人中,均非等闲之辈,其中为曹雪芹留下诗文最多的,是敦诚、敦敏和张宜泉这三个人;他们的诗文见证了曹雪芹历经多年艰辛“披阅十载,增删五次”,“字字看来皆是血,十年辛苦不寻常”创作出的伟大作品《红楼梦》,堪称中国古代长篇小说的高峰。
2、杨鼎美:1946年生,字银海, 中国,江苏,苏州人,书艺有大家气派,师从著名书法家瓦翁先生,现为江南画院名誉院长,苏州鼎美书画院院长,中国金融书法家协会会员,江苏省书法家协会会员,苏州书法家协会名誉理事,苏州市书画研究会会员,著有《杨鼎美书法作品集》《杨鼎美隶书唐诗集》《苏州鼎美书画院作品集》、《苏州书画名家邀请展作品集-中国梦,农行情》)
The dream of the Red Chamber
Ts’ao Hsueh-Ch’in: (1715?—1763?)
Lin Dai-yu’s Elegy on Flowers
Flowers a-withering petals a-flying across the sky,
The red-faded and the scent-died in whose pity-eye?
Air-driven gossamers softly over the spring-bowers,
Willow fluffs fitful-wafting landed on flowery screens.
I who, grieving over in her chamber the spring faded away,
Have stepped through the embroider cloth curtain. No room could there house homeless sorrow. No
perfected side-stepping way retracing not on fallen petals!
A hoe holding in hand. The willow-threads
And the elm leaves being self-fresh-and-self-gay
Apathetic about peach&plum-blossoms drifted away
But surely re-blossoming next year
When who- might-be then in my darkened chamber?
When third moon rises swallows are used to building their nest without stopping to think to peck clay and buds
Again. After the ones had gone, left empty beam with
In the lurch-nest, fuzzy-hairs and feathers in past year
The cutting winds weigh down the fate-shelter
And the frosts a-piercing days 360 of year
In red rag shortening the blossom fresh-fair
Once gone then without no gossamer-trace nor sepulcher
Easily see flower in full bloom yet harder
a-falling on mud; before front steps,
a hoe in hand, and the tears of suffused eyes
of the grave-digger, lonesome as blood- marks
Dropping -sprinkled on nearby bare branches;
Shouldering hoe, came back when doors double closed which twilight frozen on, in muse unsung cuckoos. Dimly-lit chamber the voice of chill rains filled,
Pelting down the windows, and the alone- soul awoke
Beneath the half-cold sheets, half-slept. I might have
Had little to do with She-spring if I were not within
The half-pitied-and-half-irritated
Spring now or spring then
Hurt by her a-coming unspoken gone in muse-and,
Like the parted waters reunited...
Last night I heard a plaintive song from the courtyard
Sung by a soul of flower or a bird of a soul, the dirge
Who could bear? Both of them on a road unrestrained,
Flower self-shy; birds have the muse-sound of voice.
Longing on my winged-heart could fly, following
The flowers fly to the earthly ending.
The earthly ending where is there an aromatic sepulcher?
In a silken bag to shroud sweet-petals with my palm-soils
Fully cover the beauty- sorrow yet make do with their pure- coming and purely-gone
Neither sinks down nor with dirt below. When they gone
I am going to bury them but not knowing the day
When I die of the turned to me who is the one would bury My own purely-gone even the fashion in it laugh at me Askance as a flower-burying one!
Standing -watching spring a-departing and
Flower a-withering. It is the time for beauty pain-dying.
When once spring ends and beauty unvoiced so-perished,
All living ones know that both of flowers gone and
Soul a-begging!
《interpretation section》注释条款
1、wither: vt. 使枯萎;使畏缩;使衰弱 vi. 凋谢;衰弱;萎缩
枯萎; 凋谢; 萎缩; 退化; a-withering, a-flying。 a-是前綴,表示事物處于某種狀態。
2、scent: n. 香味,气味;嗅觉;scent-died:香斷的,香味消減的。
red-faded and scent-died:红消香断。
3、pity-eye: 憐憫的目光。
4、gossamer:n. 蛛丝,游丝; adj. 轻而薄的;虛無縹緲的;gossamer trace: 一絲痕跡, gossamer wings: 輕盈的翅膀。
5、air-driven gossamers:游丝飘逸。
6、bower:n; 涼亭,閨房,樹蔭處;vt:蔭蔽; spring-bowers: 春榭。
7、willow fluff: 柳絮。
8、waft:vt.& vi: 吹送,飘送;使飘荡;漂浮。fitful-wafting: 随心逐意地漂浮。
9、embroider :n ,v; 刺绣; 绣成的物品. embroider cloth curtain:绣花帘子。
10、grieve : vt. 使伤心;使悲伤。
11、chamber :n: 臥室,內室。
12、 house:v: 安置,儲藏,給予居所。
13、I , who grieving over in her chamber as spring faded away
Step through the embroider cloth curtain. No room could there house homeless sorrow.句中“ grieving …away” 是該節詩中主語“I”的非限制性定語從句,而”step” 為謂語動詞,a hoe holding in hand 為獨立主格結構,表達伴隨狀態。
14、side-step : vt. 靠边,避开,横移;; 靠向旁边避开 n; 侧面台阶。
15、retrace: vt; .折回,折返,退回。
no perfected side-stepping way retracing not on fallen petals: 忍踏落花来复去!
16、willow-threads (and) elm leaves being self-gay -self-fresh and indifferent to the peach & plum-blossoms drifted away. 第九第十這兩行詩句,是用獨立主格結構處理的。獨立主格結構由一個相當于主語的名詞或代詞加上非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞或介詞短語等構成的一種獨立成分。該句結構中:and 連接的兩個組合名詞,相當于“主語”:the willow-threads and the elm leaves, 加上了非謂語動詞being, 形容詞:self-gay-(and)-self-fresh 和用and連接的并列的形容詞indifferent及 介詞“to”帶出的“短語“ to the peach & plum-blossoms ”等構成的一種獨立成分;drifted away是過去分詞短語作后置定語修飾前面的名詞peach & plum-blossoms 的。通常在更復雜的句子結構中,這種主詞獨立結構作伴隨狀語。
例子:the landlady got the most turns, but Pepi was not left out either, the gentleman being the most indifferent of the three. 老板娘看得最多,佩琵也不甘落后,而那位老爺是三人中最冷漠的。(取之《城堡》奧地利 卡夫卡著)
17、self-fresh-(and)-self-gay: 自芳菲。
18、apathetic: adj. 无感情的;无动于衷的,漠不關心,冷漠的。
19、be used to doing sth: 習慣于做某事,一直如此做的意思。而used to do sth意為“過去常常做某事”,暗含“現在或許不做了”的意思。
20、re-blossom : vi, 再开花。再现繁盛。
21、who- might-be : 会是谁。
when who- might-be then in my darkened chamber. 这是一个when引导的定语从句,说明前面的名词next year. 并且,由于该从句中“then”的示意,逻辑上可以省略掉“when”而不至于使语义模糊。
22、third moon: 喻三月。
23、without stopping to think: 想都不想。
24、 peck:vt. .啄;啄起。
25、in the lurch: 短語。處于困境。处于一种困难或尴尬的境地。
In the lurch-nest:倾巢。
26、fuzzy :adj; 绒毛般的,毛茸茸的,模糊的。
27、when the one has gone…: when 引導的時間狀語從句不用將來時,而是依照主句的時間來判別其真實時間。主句是說“next year”, 所以從句動作也是將來發生的。
28、red rag: n, 斗牛用的红布,激怒人的东西。a (red) rag to the bull. 火上加油.的东西。a rag of cloud 一片残云。
29、the cutting winds and the frosts a-piercing :风刀霜剑。
29、weigh down the fate-shelter :严相逼。
The cutting winds weigh down the fate-shelter
And the frosts a-piercing days 360 of year
In red rag, shortening the blossom fresh-fair
一年三百六十日,风刀霜剑严相逼;明媚鲜妍能几时,
30、easily see flower in full bloom yet harder one a-falling on mud:花开易见落难寻。
31、shouldering hoe: 荷鋤。
32、 suffused eye:滿含淚水的眼。
33、 as blood- marks dropping- sprinkled on nearby bare-branches : 滴落泪珠洒上空枝见血痕。
34、sepulcher:n, 坟墓,墓穴。vt: 埋葬。
35、front steps: 正面台阶。
36、double closed doors: 重門。
37、 twilight was frozen on…: “正黃昏”之意。
38、 unsung cuckoo( was) in muse:杜鵑無語。
39、dimly-lit chamber :光线昏暗的房间。
40、the voices of chill-rains, pelting down window :冷雨敲窗。
41、alone- soul: 孤独的灵魂。
42、soul beneath the half-cold sheets,half-slept:人初睡被未温。.
43、she-spring: 特指“黛玉的春天”。
44、half-pitied- and- half-irritated:半为怜春半恼春。
45、spring then or spring now :来时的春天还是现在(伤逝)的春天,转意“春的忽至忽去”。
46、might: “也许”、“或许”解。“I might have had little to do with she-spring if I were…”这一节诗是一个主从复合句,使用了混合虚拟语气,if引导的状语从句表示一个与现在事实相反的事实;主句则表示一个与过去事实相反的事实。
47、plaintive:adj. 悲哀的,伤痛的。
48、a soul of flower or a bird of a soul:花魂或鸟魂。
49、dirge:n. 哀歌。
50、unrestrained: adj. adv.不受抑制的,无拘束的,自在的,不受控制的
51、muse-sound of voice:无言。
52、long: vi. 渴望,极愿意。
53、winged-heart:寓意:胁下生双翼。
54、earthly ending:人间的尽头,天尽头。
55、unvoiced:发无声之音的,无言的。
56、aromatic sepulcher:香丘(or the thyme -leaf-covered grave).
57、palm-soils:一抔净土。
58、beauty- sorrow:此处寓意“风流”。
59、Make do with:尽力做到,设法照应。
60、pure- coming and purely- gone:质本洁来还洁去
61、neither sink down nor with dirt below:强于污淖陷渠沟.
62、 fashion in it: 世人。
63、askance:adv, 斜视。
64、flower-burring one:葬花人。
65、spring a-departing and flowers a-withering: 春残花渐落
66、beauty pain-dying : 红颜老死。
67、perish:vt. 衰老,枯萎。
68、a-begging:adj, adv. 无人问津(的),两不知。
译者附言:感谢南京航天航空大学07721班学友杨新女士绍介苏州书法家杨鼎美先生并得先生赐予墨宝【清 曹雪芹黛玉葬花辞】。