Phrase (片句) :
Phrase 是一句裏面的一組字,在句子裏面擔當輔佐作用。Phrase (片句) 和上一課介紹的 Clause (分句) 的主要分別就是:phrase 沒有能自成一句的動詞。
它和 clause 相同的地方就是:它也可以是形容詞(adjective),形容動詞(adverb) 或 名詞(noun) 。下面舉出這三種 phrase 的例子:
Adjective phrase (形容詞片句):
· I only eat apples without its skin.
(中):我只吃去了皮的蘋果。
‘without its skin’ 是用以形容 ‘apples’
· Full of confidence, the boxer defeated his opponent.
(中):充滿自信心,那拳擊家擊敗他的對手。
‘Full of confidence’ 是用以形容 ‘the boxer’
· Humiliated by the protesters, the police went wild.
(中):被示威者羞辱後,警察變成瘋狂。
‘Humiliated by the protesters’ 是用以形容 ‘the police’
你也許會問我:剛才說phrase 裏面沒有動詞,但humiliated不就是動詞嗎?
請留意雖然 humiliate 這字是動詞,但 humiliated by… 仍未能成為完整的動詞。在被動語態裏,要加上代名動詞 (Verb to be) 才是完整 (將來會詳細解釋),假若我們說 The police was humiliated by… 則是完整的動詞了。
· Waiting for his friend, he became impatient.
(中):在等他的朋友,他開始不耐煩了。
‘Waiting for his friend’ 是用以形容 ‘he’
· Anyone without a licence will be fined.
(中):任何沒有牌照的都會被罰款。
‘without a licence’ 是用以形容 ‘Anyone’
· He looked sad, unlike his former self.
(中):他看得憂愁,不像他平常那般。
‘unlike his former self’ 是用以形容 ‘He’
Adverb phrase (形容動詞片句):
例子:
· I will wait for you until midnight.
(中):我會等你至午夜。
‘until midnight’ 是用以形容 ‘wait for you’
· Fishing is not allowed next to the park.
(中):在公園旁不准釣魚。
‘next to the park’ 是用以形容 ‘not allowed’
· Like a mad dog, he lunged at the crowd.
(中):他衝向人群,好像一只瘋狗那般。
‘Like a mad dog’ 是用以形容 ‘lunged at the crowd’
· She sings those songs with great charm.
(中):她唱那些歌很有魅力。
‘with great charm’ 是用以形容 ‘sings those songs’
· Don’t wipe your mouth with the tea-towel!
(中):不要用那茶巾抹你的嘴!
‘with the tea-towel’ 是用以形容 ‘wipe your mouth’
Noun phrase (名詞片句):
(像 noun clause 一樣,在句子裏 noun phrase可以被‘it’代替而仍是完整的一句)
例子:
· Watching the baby makes me laugh.
(中):看著那嬰兒使我笑出來了。
‘Watching the baby’ 就是 noun phrase。
· You have not seen the end of this.
(中):你還未見到事情的了結。(尚有下文)
‘the end of this’ 就是 noun phrase。
· Once a week is not enough exercise.
(中):每週一次運動是不足夠的。
‘Once a week’ 就是 noun phrase。
· Pigs like wallowing in mud.
(中):豬喜歡在泥裏打滾。
‘wallowing in mud’ 就是 noun phrase。
· Learning English is not that hard.
(中):學英文不是那麽困難。
‘Learning English’ 就是 noun phrase。
這些都是 ‘noun phrase。